Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was born into a poor family in the Telugu Brahmin Tiruttani, a city, then Madras Presidency, British India, currently in Thiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu, 84 km northwest of Madras (now Chennai). His mother tongue was Telugu. His father Sarvepalli Veeraswami and his mother's name was Sitamma. [1] His early years were spent in Tirutani and Tirupati. His father was a junior official of Revenue in the service of a local zamindar (landlord). His primary education was in elementary school High Tirutani advice. In 1896 he moved to the School Hermansburg Lutheral Evangelical Mission in Tirupati.
Radhakrishnan awarded scholarships throughout his academic life. He joined Voorhees College in Vellore, but made in Madras Christian College at the age of 17. He graduated from there in 1906 with an MA in philosophy, as one of its most distinguished alumni. [3] Radhakrishnan wrote his thesis for the master's degree on "The Ethics of Vedanta and its metaphysical presuppositions.He was afraid that this master's thesis offend his philosophy professor, Dr. AG Hogg. Instead, Hogg commended Radhakrishnan on doing an excellent job.Radhakrishnan MA thesis was published when he was only 20 years.
Radhakrishnan studied philosophy of chance rather than choice. Being a student financially constrained at the time when a cousin, after having obtained the same college, sent its books of philosophy at the Radhakrishnan, he decided his academic course automatically. Later, he felt a deep interest in his subject and has written many acclaimed books on philosophy, both Eastern and Western.
[Edit] Wedding
Radhakrishnan was married to Sivakamu , a distant cousin at the age of 16.As is the tradition of marriage has been arranged by the family. The couple had five daughters and one son, Sarvepalli Gopal. Sarvepalli Gopal rose to a distinguished career as a historian. Sivakami died in 1956. They were married for over 51 years 


Career
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Bujjai designed by and signed by Radhakrishnan in Telugu as "Radhakrishnaiah".In April 1909, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was appointed to the Department of Philosophy at the College Madras Presidency. Subsequently, in 1918, Radhakrishnan was selected as professor of philosophy at the University of Mysore. Right now, he had written numerous articles for magazines such as The Quest for Fame, Journal of Philosophy and the International Journal of Ethics. He also completed his first book, The Philosophy of Rabindranath Tagore. He believed Tagore's philosophy to "genuine manifestation of the Indian mind." Radhakrishnan second book, The Reign of Religion in Contemporary Philosophy was published in 1920.


In 1921 he was appointed as professor of philosophy at assume the presidency of King George V of the mental and moral science at the University of Calcutta. Radhakrishnan represented the University of Calcutta Congress of Universities of the British Empire in June 1926 and the International Congress of Philosophy at Harvard University in September 1926. Another important event at the university during this period was the invitation to deliver the conference Hibbert on the ideals of life he gave to Harris Manchester College, Oxford in 1929 and was subsequently published in book form as an idealistic point of view of life.
In 1929, Radhakrishnan was invited to take the vacancy left by the main J. Carpenter Estlin at Harris Manchester College. This gave conferences to students at the University of Oxford on Comparative Religion. For his services to education, he was knighted by George V in June 1931 with a specialization in the anniversary [10], and formally sworn in his honor by the Governor General of India, the Earl of Willingdon, in April 1932 . [11] However, it does not use the title in personal life, preferring the academic title "Doctor".


He was the Vice-Chancellor of Andhra University from 1931 to 1936. In 1936, Radhakrishnan was named Spalding Professor of Eastern Religions and Ethics at the University of Oxford, and was elected a Fellow of All Souls College. In 1939, pt. Madan Mohan Malaviya was invited to succeed him as Vice-Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University (BHU). He served as Vice-Chancellor until January 1948.When India became independent in 1947, Radhakrishnan represented India at UNESCO (1946-1952) and was later Ambassador of India to the Soviet Union from 1949 to 1952. He was also elected to the Constituent Assembly of India.
Radhakrishnan was elected first Vice-President of India in 1952. 
He was elected second President of India (1962-1967). When he became president, some of his students and friends requested him to allow them to celebrate his birthday, September 5. He replied:
"Instead of celebrating my birthday, it would be my proud privilege if September 5 is observed as Teachers' Day."His birthday has since been celebrated as Teachers' Day in India .Ghanshyam Das Birla and with a few other social workers in the pre-independence, Radhakrishnan formed Krishnarpan Charity Trust.

Jawaharlal Nehru

Jawaharlal Nehru was born to Motilal Nehru  (1861-1931) and Swaroop Rani (1863-1954) in a family of Kashmiri Pandit in Allahabad, in Uttar Pradesh. He was educated in India and Britain. In England, attended the school the child independent, Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge. During his stay in Britain, Nehru was also known as Joe Nehru.
On February 7, 1916, Nehru married sixteen Kamala Kaul. In the first year of marriage, Kamala gave birth to her only child, Indira Priyadarshini. Many modern speculation has revolved around whether, during the last days of the British in India, Nehru and Edwina Mountbatten, wife of Louis Mountbatten, the last viceroy of India, were romantically involved.

Life and career
Nehru raised the flag of independent India in New Delhi on August 15, 1947, India gained independence days. Nehru's appreciation of the virtues of parliamentary democracy, secularism and liberalism, with its concern for the poor and disadvantaged, it is recognized that have guided the development of socialist policies that influence India to this day. They also reflect the social origins of their worldview. His daughter, Indira Gandhi, and grandson, Rajiv Gandhi, also served as prime ministers of India.

Gandhi's successor
On January 15, 1941 Gandhi said: "Some say that Pandit Nehru and I were separated. It will require much more than differences of opinion that we alienate. We had differences with the time we became colleagues and yet I have said for few years and so now they say no, but Jawaharlal will be my successor Rajaji ".

 political learning
Teen Murti Bhavan, the residence of Nehru as prime minister, now a museum in his memory.Nehru and his colleagues had been released as the British Cabinet Mission arrived to propose plans for transfer of power.
Once elected, Nehru headed an interim government, which was affected by outbreaks of communal violence and political turmoil, and the opposition of the Muslim League led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who demanded a separate Muslim state in Pakistan. After the offers do not form coalitions, Nehru reluctantly supported the partition of India, according to a plan launched by the British on June 3, 1947. He took over as Prime Minister of India on August 15 and delivered his inaugural lecture entitled "A Date With Destiny"

"Many years ago we made a tryst with destiny, and now comes the time to redeem our commitment, not in its entirety or in its entirety, but very substantially. In the race of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom. There comes a time, which comes but rarely in history, when we leave the old to the new, when an age ends, and when the soul of a nation, repressed for a long time, is expressed. It is fitting that at this solemn moment to assume the commitment of dedicated service to India and her people and cause even greater humanity.

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869 in Porbandar, a coastal city that was born after the Bombay Presidency, British India. It was at the home of his ancestors, who was born today is known as Kirti Mandir, Porbandar. His father, Karamchand Gandhi (1822-1885), who belonged to the Hindu community Modh, like the sofa (a senior) of Porbandar state, a small principality in the Kathiawar Agency of British grandfather served was Uttamchand India.His Gandhi, Utta fondly called Gandhi. His mother, who came from Putlibai Hindu Vaishnava community Pranami was Karamchand's fourth wife, the first three women with apparently died in childbirth.Growing a devoted mother and the Jain traditions of the region, the young Mohandas absorbed the influences that play an important role early in his adult life, these include compassion to sentient beings, vegetarianism, fasting for self purification and mutual tolerance between people of different faiths.

Indian classics, especially the stories of Maharaja Harishchandra and Shravana, had a great influence on Gandhi, in his childhood. In his autobiography, he admits that he left an indelible impression on his mind. He writes: "I was obsessed, and I must have acted Harishchandra me many times." Principles of self-identification with truth and love as the highest value is attributable to Gandhi these epic characters.

In May 1883, Mohandas 13 years of age at 14 years old, was married Kasturbai Makhanji (his name was usually to "Kasturba," and shortened affectionately as "Ba") in an arranged marriage, child, according to the custom of the day of his marriage region.Recalling, once said: "Not knowing much about marriage, for us it's just clothing, candy and games with the family seriously." However, as is the custom of the country, it was time for the young bride to spend too much on his parents' home and away from her husband. In 1885, when Gandhi was 15, the couple's first child was born, but survived only a few days, and Gandhi's father Karamchand Gandhi, was previously year.Mohandas Kasturba and four children killed all sons: Harilal, born in 1888, Manilal, born in 1892, Ramdas, born in 1897 and Devdas, born in 1900. In his high school in Porbandar and high school in Rajkot, Gandhi remained an average student. Samaldas passed high school to College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, with some difficulty. During this time, was not happy, partly because his family wanted him to become a lawyer.

Gandhi and his wife Kasturba (1902)

On September 4, 1888 Gandhi traveled to London to study law at University College London, where he studied under Indian law and jurisprudence [13] and as a lawyer in central London Temple.His time, the imperial capital train was hit a vow he had made to his mother in the presence of the Jain monk Becharji watched the departure from India, the Hindu rules of abstinence from meat, alcohol and promiscuity. Although Gandhi experimented with adopting "English" customs - dance classes, for example - could not stand bland vegetarian fare offers his landlady, and was always hungry, until he found one of the few vegetarian restaurants in London . Influenced by the book of salt, he joined the Vegetarian Society, was elected its board and started a local chapter in Bayswater. [6] Some of the vegetarians he met with members of the Theosophical Society, founded in 1875, had a more universal brotherhood, which was devoted to the study of Buddhist and Hindu literature. Gandhi are encouraged to read the Bhagavad Gita, both in translation and the original combination.There is shown an interest in religion before he became interested in religious thought and began to read both Hindu and Christian scriptures.

Gandhi was there, the bar, June 10, 1891 call. Two days later, he left London to India,  where he learned that his mother had died while in London and that his family had received a message from him. His efforts to establish a firm in Bombay and later failed, after application and fobbed part-time work as a school teacher, who landed in Rajkot to a modest living drafting petitions for litigants to be a business, was forced to close when he found aa lack of a British officer. In his autobiography, Gandhi referred to this incident as an unsuccessful attempt to lobby on behalf of his brother. It was in this climate, in April 1893, a year long contract accepted by Dada Abdulla & Co., an Indian company to a position in the Colony of Natal, South Africa, then part of British Empire.